Scholars delved through the treasure and were astounded by the unsuspected diversity and range. Among them were a huge number of Vivaldi's handwritten originals, including over 300 previously unknown works. Lawsuits overrode the Count's will, which forbade publication, and private donations kept the scores intact and off the antiques market. The collection was traced back to a Count Durazzo, who had purchased the lot from the Ospedale, donated half to the monastery and passed the remainder to his heirs. That suddenly changed in 1926 when a monastery presented a massive cache of old scores to Turin University for appraisal prior to sale to fund repairs. His only lasting recognition came from the fervent admiration of Bach, who modeled his own concerto style after Vivaldi's and adapted for keyboard nine Vivaldi violin concerti (even though Bach devotees tended to disparage the source). Thus, soon after his death his few publications were forgotten and the rest of his output remained unknown. Yet, as Groves' Dictionary aptly observes, the current repertory system lay well in the future instead there was a constant need for new output. Although Vivaldi negotiated sizable fees for his work, he spent prolifically and died in poverty during a 1741 trip to Vienna, where he was given a pauper's funeral.įor nearly 200 years, Vivaldi was a historical footnote, although a somewhat influential one – the twelve concerti comprising his first publication ( L'estro armonico, 1711) were widely imitated. Despite a bumpy relationship with the school administrators, Vivaldi enjoyed considerable freedom, not only to fill his compositions with whimsy and technical hurdles to challenge his students and display their artistry, but to travel extensively to fulfill commissions and to stage his operas. In 1716, he became the music director.Īmong his duties was to provide two concertos per month (even while he was away) for concerts given each Sunday by the school orchestra (in which, to the amazement of visitors, the students played all the instruments, rather than just the ones deemed suitable for ladies, and whose sensual attraction undoubtedly contributed to their widespread fame among gentlemen patrons). The next year he became a violin teacher at the Ospedale della Pietà, an orphanage for a thousand girls, of whom a few dozen received intensive musical training. He was ordained in 1703 and, thanks to his flaming hair (blanched in his only color portrait, perhaps due to a powdered wig), became known as the Red Priest, but his ecclesiastical functions were forestalled by bronchial asthma, which denied him the stamina to say a complete mass. Vivaldi learned the violin from his father, a Venetian barber who played in the orchestra of San Marco cathedral. Indeed, only in 1962 was his birthdate determined from baptismal records to have been 1678 prior writers had placed it as early as 1669. Biographies typically devote at most a few dozen pages to his career and the rest to his works. Even extensive modern scholarship leaves many wide gaps in his whereabouts and activities. The details of Vivaldi's life are surprisingly sketchy. While Beethoven wrote seven concertos, Brahms four and Bach, Haydn, Handel and Mozart at most a few dozen, Vivaldi wrote over 500 (and more are being uncovered each year)! When you're that prolific, some recycling and lapsing into formula is inevitable. Although he wrote 39 operas, 73 sonatas and loads of religious music, Vivaldi is best known for his concertos. Yet, with Antonio Vivaldi, there's at least a grain of truth in this disparaging barb. As with any worthy pursuit, familiarity breeds a fascination with subtlety and detail completely lost on causal observers. Of course, that's just ignorance – the same could (and often is) said about Bach, the blues or any other style one knows nothing about. Of all the aspersions hurled against classical music, the one that makes the least sense is that it all sounds the same.
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